Memristor is the forth fundamental circuit element that has received considerable attention due to its possible applications in future nanoscale systems. This paper describes the advantages that this nanoscale elements and nanotechnology may offer in the implementation of encryption algorithms in HARDWARE and embedded platforms. To demonstrate this subject, , an Advanced Encryption Standard core was designed and implemented in both CMOS and hybrid CMOS/nanotechnology. The resistance of both implementation s against power analysis attack was evaluated and compared. It was demonstrated that hybrid CMOS/Nano circuit provides considerable improvement over implementation with regular CMOS circuits in terms of power consumption and resistance against Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks without needing to apply any costly algorithmic countermeasure or using any extra circuit. Simulations were carried out using HSPICE and Cadence Spectre and the attack algorithm was written in MATLAB. The results obtained in this paper can be used in enhancing the SECURITY of the future generation of urban and commercial smart information and communication systems.

Nowadays, bulk of the designers prefer to outsource some parts of their design and fabrication process to the third-part companies due to the reliability problems, manufacturing cost and time-to-market limitations. In this situation, there are a lot of opportunities for malicious alterations by the off-shore companies. In this paper, we proposed a new placement algorithm that hinders the HARDWARE Trojan insertion or simplifies the detection process in existence of Trojans. Experimental results show that the proposed placement improves the Trojan detectability of the attempted benchmarks against Trojan insertion more than 20% in reasonable cost in delay and wire length.

Purpose: Food SECURITY is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food SECURITY and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food SECURITY by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food SECURITY in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food SECURITY. Greater emphasis on food SECURITY contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food SECURITY in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food SECURITY in developing countries.

With the increase in population and the growth of demand for agricultural products, it is necessary to use new technologies to increase productivity. Wireless sensor networks, as one of the key technologies in smart agriculture, enable continuous and accurate monitoring of environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity. These systems provide farmers with the possibility of optimal management of resources by wirelessly transmitting information to control centers. This technology faces important challenges, such as information SECURITY and efficiency in heterogeneous and distributed environments. Reviewing the previous research found that the existing articles have not comprehensively addressed the SECURITY and efficiency of these systems. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive solution to improve the efficiency of wireless sensor networks in smart agriculture. Also, appropriate HARDWARE for accurate monitoring of environmental parameters, including temperature and humidity sensors, has been introduced and implemented. To improve the accuracy of data processing and control, the optimized convolutional neural network with a genetic algorithm was used for fault detection, and the proposed control algorithm was used to control the speed of agricultural motors. The proposed SECURITY protocol was formally and informally evaluated using the Scyther tool. The results showed a significant improvement in information SECURITY and reduced energy consumption. Also, by using vibration data, we achieved 99.92% accuracy for test data, and by simultaneously using vibration and acoustic data, we achieved 99.96% test accuracy, indicating the data combination's effectiveness for fault detection.

The growing popularity of the fabless manufacturing model and the resulting threats have increased the importance of Logic locking as a key-based method for intellectual property (IP) protection. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based attacks have broken most existing locks by exploiting structural traces or undoing optimizations that obfuscate them. A common limitation of these attacks, however, is their reliance on the correlation between the locked circuit structure and the correct key value. In this paper, we introduce structural fuzzing as a simple, nondeterministic, non-optimizing heuristic algorithm that can obfuscate the lock against learning-based attacks, preventing the attacker from predicting the key. We proceed to apply structural fuzzing to multiplexer-based logic locking and propose HyLock, a logic lock with improved resilience against learning-based attacks. In common benchmarks, when compared with a state of the art logic lock, there is on average a 17% decrease in the number of correctly predicted key bits.

FPGA platforms have been widely used in many modern digital applications due to their low prototyping cost, short time-to-market and flexibility. Field-programmability of FPGA bitstream has made it as a flexible and easy-to-use platform. However, access to bitstream degraded the SECURITY of FPGA IPs because there is no efficient method to authenticate the originality of bitstream by the FPGA programmer. The issue of secure transmission of configuration information to the FPGAs is of paramount importance to both users and IP providers. In this paper we presented a "Self Authentication" methodology in which the originality of sub-components in bitstream is authenticated in parallel with the intrinsic operation of the design. In the case of discovering violation, the normal data flow is obfuscated and the circuit would be locked. Experimental results show that this methodology considerably improves the IP SECURITY against malicious updates with reasonable overheads.